Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP): An Orthoptic Assessment

Br Ir Orthopt J. 2026 Apr 10;22(1):115-123. doi: 10.22599/bioj.505. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an atypical Parkinsonian disorder which, like other atypical Parkinsonian disorders, displays neurological motor and oculomotor signs at different stages along the disease course. The overlap in presenting signs between the disorders presents a diagnostic challenge for the clinician, particularly early on. Here we audit the role of orthoptic oculomotor and eye-tracker assessment for atypical Parkinsonian patients.

METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 26 patients with atypical Parkinsonian signs, referred to orthoptics for oculomotor assessment. Orthoptic diagnoses were made after reviewing oculomotor range, doll's head manoeuvre, saccadic velocity, vergence, eyelid signs and fixation results. The orthoptic diagnoses were compared with the final neurology/neurosurgery diagnosis for consistency.

RESULTS: Of the 19/26 cases who were diagnosed with 'suspected PSP' after orthoptic assessment, 14/19 (73.68%) had a final diagnosis of 'suspected PSP' by neurology/neurosurgery. In 5/19 cases (26.32%) the patients demonstrated PSP-like signs in orthoptics but later received alternative diagnoses. The orthoptic diagnosis was consistent with the final neurology/neurosurgery diagnosis for 'suspected non-PSP' in all seven cases.

CONCLUSION: Suspected diagnoses after orthoptic assessment were consistent with the final neurology/neurosurgery department diagnoses in 80.77% of patients. We conclude that early orthoptic oculomotor and eye tracker assessment of atypical Parkinsonian patients is clinically effective for ruling PSP in or out of the clinical picture.

PMID:41970530 | PMC:PMC13068089 | DOI:10.22599/bioj.505